Central Asia: Maize Market 2023

Maize Market Size in Central Asia

In 2021, the Central Asian maize market increased by 487% to $X for the first time since 2018, thus ending a two-year declining trend. Over the period under review, consumption enjoyed a resilient expansion. As a result, consumption reached the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Maize Production in Central Asia

In value terms, maize production rose markedly to $X in 2021 estimated in export price. In general, production enjoyed significant growth. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 with an increase of 911% against the previous year. The level of production peaked at $X in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2021, production failed to regain momentum.

The country with the largest volume of maize production was Uzbekistan (X tons), accounting for 89% of total volume. Moreover, maize production in Uzbekistan exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Kyrgyzstan (X tons), tenfold.

In Uzbekistan, maize production increased at an average annual rate of +417.6% over the period from 2012-2021. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Kyrgyzstan (+1.7% per year) and Kazakhstan (+8.6% per year).

The average maize yield expanded significantly to X tons per ha in 2021, picking up by 9.8% compared with the year before. Overall, the yield saw a significant increase. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 when the yield increased by 1,014% against the previous year. The level of yield peaked at X tons per ha in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2021, the yield remained at a lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2021, the total area harvested in terms of maize (green) production in Central Asia totaled X ha, standing approx. at the year before. The total harvested area indicated strong growth from 2012 to 2021: its figure increased at an average annual rate of +5.0% over the last nine-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2021 figures, maize harvested area decreased by -3.1% against 2018 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 with an increase of 60% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to maize production reached the peak figure at X ha in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2021, the harvested area remained at a lower figure.

Maize Exports

Exports in Central Asia

In 2021, overseas shipments of maize (green) decreased by -75% to X tons, falling for the third consecutive year after three years of growth. Overall, exports, however, continue to indicate significant growth. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 when exports increased by 4,148%. The volume of export peaked at X tons in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2021, the exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, maize exports declined slightly to $X in 2021. Over the period under review, exports, however, posted a significant increase. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 when exports increased by 4,134% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the exports hit record highs at $X in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2021, the exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Exports by Country

In 2021, Uzbekistan (X tons) represented the main exporter of maize (green), making up 89% of total exports. It was distantly followed by Kazakhstan (X tons), achieving an 11% share of total exports.

From 2012 to 2021, average annual rates of growth with regard to maize exports from Uzbekistan stood at -34.9%. At the same time, Kazakhstan (+37.9%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Kazakhstan emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in Central Asia, with a CAGR of +37.9% from 2012-2021. Uzbekistan (+89 p.p.) and Kazakhstan (+6.8 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total exports, while the shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Uzbekistan ($X) remains the largest maize supplier in Central Asia, comprising 99% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Kazakhstan ($X), with a 1.1% share of total exports.

From 2012 to 2021, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value in Uzbekistan totaled -8.0%.

Export Prices by Country

In 2021, the export price in Central Asia amounted to $X per ton, surging by 281% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the export price posted a strong increase. As a result, the export price attained the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Prices varied noticeably country of origin: the country with the highest price was Uzbekistan ($X per ton), while Kazakhstan totaled $X per ton.

From 2012 to 2021, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Uzbekistan (+41.3%).

Maize Imports

Imports in Central Asia

In 2021, supplies from abroad of maize (green) increased by 58% to X tons for the first time since 2018, thus ending a two-year declining trend. Overall, imports posted a slight increase. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2015 when imports increased by 60% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at X tons in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2021, imports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, maize imports soared to $X in 2021. Over the period under review, imports, however, continue to indicate a slight reduction. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2013 when imports increased by 58%. Over the period under review, imports attained the peak figure at $X in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2021, imports remained at a lower figure.

Imports by Country

Kazakhstan represented the main importing country with an import of around X tons, which resulted at 86% of total imports. It was distantly followed by Kyrgyzstan (X tons), making up a 14% share of total imports.

Kazakhstan experienced a relatively flat trend pattern with regard to volume of imports of maize (green). At the same time, Kyrgyzstan (+166.5%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Kyrgyzstan emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in Central Asia, with a CAGR of +166.5% from 2012-2021. Kyrgyzstan (+14 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total imports, while Kazakhstan saw its share reduced by -13.6% from 2012 to 2021, respectively.

In value terms, Kazakhstan ($X) constitutes the largest market for imported maize (green) in Central Asia, comprising 88% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Kyrgyzstan ($X), with an 11% share of total imports.

From 2012 to 2021, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value in Kazakhstan stood at -1.9%.

Import Prices by Country

In 2021, the import price in Central Asia amounted to $X per ton, falling by -12.7% against the previous year. Overall, the import price saw a noticeable setback. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2019 an increase of 46%. The level of import peaked at $X per ton in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2021, import prices remained at a lower figure.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major importing countries. In 2021, the country with the highest price was Kazakhstan ($X per ton), while Kyrgyzstan totaled $X per ton.

From 2012 to 2021, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Kazakhstan (-1.8%).

Source: IndexBox Market Intelligence Platform

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